{"id":7562,"date":"2022-12-21T12:53:33","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T09:23:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irvc.ir\/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a2%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84-%db%b2%db%b0%db%b2%db%b0\/"},"modified":"2025-05-12T21:53:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T17:23:08","slug":"global-innovation-index-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irvc.ir\/en\/global-innovation-index-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Global Innovation Index 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Global Innovation Index 2020<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an annual ranking report that assesses countries based on their capacity for and success in innovation. The key message of the latest GII report, published in July 2019, was the global growth in innovation. However, since then, innovation and the global economy have faced an unprecedented challenge: the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>

Prior to the outbreak, the global economy was recovering from the 2008\u20132009 crisis. Although improvement was evident, economic growth had not returned to pre-crisis levels. During this period, a shift in focus toward innovation emerged as a key driver of progress. Over the past decade, global spending on innovation relative to GDP grew significantly. According to evaluations, R\\&D expenditure increased by 0.5% in 2017 and by 2.5% in 2018. This surge\u2014one of the highest over a six-year period\u2014was driven by major markets such as China and India, as well as other strong global economies.<\/p>

China\u2019s R\\&D spending grew by 6.8% in 2018, exceeding its growth rate from the previous year. India reported a 5.5% increase. High-income countries also recorded an 8.3% growth in R\\&D investments. For example, the growth rates were 3.8% in South Korea, 4.3% in the U.S., 7.3% in Germany, and 4.2% in Japan.<\/p>

The main contributor to this growth was private-sector investment. Government-driven innovation policies following the 2009 crisis had begun to phase out, making room for private capital. In 2018, the world\u2019s top 2,500 R\\&D investors spent a total of EUR 823 billion\u2014an increase of 9.8% compared to the previous year.<\/p>

Before COVID-19, intellectual property (IP) filings also saw a sharp increase, setting new records in 2018 and 2019. Patent filings grew by 2.5% in 2018 alone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Impact of COVID-19 on Innovation and R\\&D Investment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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According to IMF forecasts from January 2020, global GDP was expected to fall by 9.4% in 2020, with the hardest impacts on top innovators\u2014high-income countries and China. While some projections assumed a short-term decline with a rebound in the second half of 2020, others predicted a decade-long economic downturn with higher unemployment and long-term damage to global supply chains.<\/p>

The specific impact on innovation remains uncertain, but financial resources\u2014both public and private\u2014will be limited. History shows that after pandemics, innovation investment often declines. The key question is whether R\\&D spending will also shrink, or if it will remain resilient despite the economic cycle.<\/p>

Historically, R\\&D, IP filings, and venture capital have moved in sync with GDP, decreasing significantly during recessions (e.g., early 1990s, early 2000s, and 2009). Causes include reduced revenue, cautious investor behavior, and cuts in spending. It is likely the 2020 recession will also impact R\\&D budgets. Past recessions have led to a drop in trademarks and, to a lesser extent, patents and licensing rights.<\/p>

However, short-term impacts may not be visible until Q2 or Q3 2020, and full data on the pandemic\u2019s effect on innovation may not be available until early 2022 due to reporting delays.<\/p>

Some countries and firms may maintain R\\&D spending despite the downturn. After the 2009 crisis, countries like Argentina, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, France, India, South Korea, Mexico, Poland, and Turkey did not reduce R\\&D spending. Others, such as Brazil, Chile, Germany, the UK, the U.S., Singapore, and South Africa, saw only brief declines. The critical role of IP today has helped shorten the negative impact of recessions on innovation.<\/p>

Mid-term innovation outcomes depend on how fast economies recover, the sensitivity of R\\&D to economic cycles, and supportive policies. Past crises have affected sectors and countries differently. This pattern may repeat in 2020, with varying post-crisis innovation outcomes across regions.<\/p>

Interestingly, a large share of global R\\&D is concentrated among a few thousand firms. The top 2,500 global R\\&D companies account for around 90% of global R\\&D, and the top 100 make up 50% of total spending. Some of these firms, particularly in ICT and software, have shown resilience during the COVID-19 crisis.<\/p>

Major tech companies like Alphabet, Microsoft, Facebook, Oracle, Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, Softbank, and Ubisoft may even benefit from the crisis due to increased demand for internet services, cloud computing, gaming, and remote work. These firms reported strong revenues and R\\&D commitments in Q1 2020.<\/p>

However, ICT hardware and electronics\u2014representing the largest R\\&D sector\u2014face challenges due to declining global demand and supply chain disruptions. Companies like Samsung, Huawei, and Apple have already experienced reduced revenues and anticipate further impact.<\/p>

Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, the second-largest R\\&D sector, are expected to maintain or increase R\\&D efforts. Companies like Roche are likely to benefit from ongoing health-related innovation.<\/p>

The automotive sector, the third-largest in R\\&D, is facing uncertainty. Despite short-term R\\&D cuts, long-term investment may recover, especially with goals like safer and greener vehicles. Volkswagen, the world\u2019s top R\\&D spender, increased R\\&D in Q1 2020 despite revenue losses.<\/p>

Other sectors hit hardest by the recession\u2014such as travel, hospitality, services, and real estate\u2014may reduce R\\&D, but their overall contribution to global innovation is limited. For these industries, digital transformation is key to survival and future growth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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COVID-19\u2019s Impact on Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Startups and venture capital are also critical to the innovation ecosystem. The good news is that the 2020 crisis is not a banking crisis. However, businesses\u2014especially small and new ones\u2014face declining revenues or complete shutdowns. Startups with ongoing or upcoming funding rounds are especially vulnerable due to increased investor risk aversion.<\/p>

Deals initiated before the pandemic have often been canceled. VCs have focused on fewer, high-performing companies rather than broad portfolios. Exit strategies, especially IPOs, have been severely affected.<\/p>

The VC market is struggling, and the recovery will take longer than R\\&D spending. Early-stage startups are hit hardest, and the economic downturn may reduce both the number and quality of VC-backed innovations. Investors are narrowing their focus, which could have long-term consequences for innovation.<\/p>

In strong economies like the U.S. and China, VC investment may recover more quickly. In China, VC deals dropped by 50% in early 2020 but have since rebounded, with renewed focus on edtech, data science, software, and robotics.<\/p>

There is also concern about growing market concentration. Tech giants with cash reserves are acquiring smaller firms at lower valuations. While this may save startups, it could reduce market competition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Innovation as a Driver in the Post-COVID World<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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How are policymakers responding to the crisis to preserve innovation?<\/p>

Many high- and middle-income countries have introduced stimulus packages to soften the recession\u2019s impact. Countries like China, the U.S., and South Korea are already implementing second or third rounds of support. These packages often prioritize liquidity, business continuity, and job protection\u2014but not always innovation.<\/p>

Some governments have launched innovation-specific support:<\/p>

* France: Set aside \u20ac80 million (in collaboration with the private sector) to invest in startups, alongside \u20ac5.1 billion in tax credits for R\\&D, \u20ac250 million for innovation support, and \u20ac3.1 billion for innovation-driven firms.
* UK: Introduced a \u20ac40 million package for COVID-related innovation startups (e.g., VR for surgery, virtual farming markets).
* Switzerland: Provided state-backed loans up to 1 million CHF per startup, totaling CHF 154 million.<\/p>

It\u2019s understandable that most aid focuses on survival. However, one exception is health innovation\u2014especially COVID-19 vaccine research.<\/p>

Post-2009, several countries supported innovation in green technologies, infrastructure, and education. Similarly, today\u2019s crisis requires sustained innovation funding\u2014even at the cost of rising public debt.<\/p>

France, for example, plans to allocate \u20ac5 billion to innovation\u2014a 25% increase in its R\\&D budget. Germany has announced a \u20ac50 billion package for future-focused technologies. The U.S. and China are also preparing support for innovation infrastructure, including 5G, data centers, and electric vehicles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Moving Toward a Post-COVID Innovation Landscape<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Three concluding points:<\/p>

1. Crises often stimulate innovation. COVID-19 has accelerated progress in remote work, online education, and digital retail. It has also opened doors for AI, robotics, 3D printing, and nanotech.
2. Short- and long-term innovation impacts must be assessed. COVID-19 disrupted R\\&D projects outside health, closed labs, and reduced productivity\u2014especially among researchers with children. However, global collaboration has improved research access and reduced bureaucratic barriers. These gains should be preserved.
3. The pandemic highlighted the value of global scientific collaboration. Turning inward and nationalizing innovation strategies could be dangerous. As the world races to develop a COVID-19 vaccine, global cooperation and smart innovation policy remain the best hope for recovery.<\/p>

Source:<\/p>

Global Innovation Index 2020<\/p>

\u2014\u2014\u2014-<\/p>

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) (\u06f1<\/p>

R&D (Research & Development) (\u06f2<\/p>

IP (Intellectual Property) (\u06f3<\/p>

patent filings (\u06f4<\/p>

IMF (International Monetary Fund) (\u06f5<\/p>

trademarks (\u06f6<\/p>

ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) (\u06f7<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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